Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Essay

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary - Essay Example Scholars proposed several models. Two such models propounded by Albanese (1989; 1994, as cited in Lampe, 2003) is the bureaucratic model (hierarchical) and patron-client model. The crime group Cosa Nosa was originally studied to belong to the bureaucratic model but also categorized by other scholars under patron-client model who challenged the earlier categorization (Williams, n.d.; Lampe, 2003). Cressey (1969, as cited in Lampe, 2003) typifies the hierarchical model as a â€Å"nationwide bureaucratic organizational entity† (para. 3). Joe Albini (1971, as cited in Lampe, 2003) and Francis and Liz Ianni (1972, as cited in Lampe, 2003) saw the patron-client model as a â€Å"web of asymmetric ties† interlinked with the regional and cultural networks (para. 3). The organized crime bureaucratic model has a â€Å"hierarchical or pyramidal structures† with branches nationwide, operates an illegal cartel, the bureaucracy governed by a central commission, and there is a clear-cut division of tasks and specialized functions among the branches (Williams, n.d., p. 62). Therefore, it is described as more corporate in structure with defined operative functions. OC under this model has specific skills and expertise, administer the organization through hierarchy and follows a procedure (Abadinsky, n.d.). The structure depends on the particular skills and capacity of mem bers and not on ethnicity (Abadinsky, n.d.). The organization even hires employees, secretaries, accountants and lawyers (Abadinsky, n.d.). Embarking on new illicit ventures is motivated by purely financial concerns and not by power or personal consideration (Abadinsky, n.d.). The patron-client model, used as a political machine, can be traced on the in-flow of migrants from other countries (Abadinsky, n.d.). The migrants that grew dramatically from early 1900s to mid-1900 were discriminated upon, the object of hostility and worked on dangerous conditions (Abadinsky, n.d.). They were harnessed by a

Discussion Board 7-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion Board 7-1 - Essay Example ance in the coverage of child sexual abuse as they are the individuals with capabilities, skills and responsibilities to help survivors and perpetrators get timely justice, care and attention. Assessment makes a vital step in the treatment and support for survivors of child sexual abuse. Completing assessment on child sexual abuse at the onset of mental health counseling as well as continuing to assess throughout the treatment course is generally vital. Child sexual abuse is one of the causes of improper mental health on certain people who have been victims of the abuse. The abuse has made some individuals develop social withdrawal characteristics that have great relation to the emotions. Some survivors of the abuse have also developed (Jackson-Cherry Erford, 2014)Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) that has greatly compromised their normal human operations (Jackson-Cherry & Erford, 2014). Assessing for child sexual abuse then provides counselors with clues or hypothesis that might have been responsible for certain abnormal mental orientations. This gives counselors opportunities to create reliable strategies for treatment and recovery process for the victims. Realizing that certain suspected symptoms truly relate to child sexual abuse expounds knowledge about the vice and making future detection